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Inquisition vs. Hitler’s Reign on Germany
Our world has never been a perfect place. Two eras of world history had enormous impact on European society. They are the Spanish Inquisition, during the 1400’s, and Hitler’s reign in Germany during World War II. The Inquisition period prophesizes Hitler’s reign during World War II. The Inquisitor and Hitler both persecuted intellectual minds, those with different religious beliefs and Jewish citizens. Each ruler’s personal fears and quest for domination created terror and uncertainty during periods of change and growth.
The inquisition’s initial formation occurred during the late 1400’s. As Haliczer says in his writing Inquisition and Modern Society in Europe, Catholic Rulers wanted to enforce religious and political unity, and the Inquisition was designed to achieve that goal. This early Inquisition period focused on persecuting Catharism, a religious sect that began flourishing in Europe. However, in Spain, the Inquisition targeted those practicing Judaism, either publicly or secretly. If you were caught your punishment could range from house arrest, fines, imprisonment for life, excommunication, or to being burned at the stake. People during this period were very fearful. Many practicing Jews were forced to convert to Christianity. These converted Jews were called “Conversos”. The Inquisition targeted many of the converso communities in Spain, causing panic, many heresy trials and the fleeing of Jews from Spain. Heresy during this period was considered the revolting against religious authority (elibrary inquisition). If a person was found guilty of heresy, they were punished and their personal property was taken by government. This first phase of the Inquisition period was one of fear and uncertainty.
As the Inquisition evolved through the years, the leadership became more structured. A Grand Inquisitor ruled over the many courts throughout Spain. Jews were persecuted, property was seized and over 15,000 people were tried for wrong doing during this phase of the Inquisition. During the 1500’s, the Inquisition not only persecuted Jews, but also started turning against Muslims and all other Protestant religions. Eventually, towards the end of the Inquisition period, intellectuals and artists were persecuted, publications were censored and perceived witchcraft and superstitious activity was punished. The Pope was afraid that people were turning away from God and straying from the Catholic beliefs. Many historians believe that the Inquisition Period, along with the Catholic Church, slowed the economic growth and scientific development and made living during this period of time extremely fearful.
After World War I, Germany was suffering, economically and politically. Just when all hope seemed lost, a man named Adolf Hitler stepped in. He told the people of Germany that he would make them strong and powerful again. He filled the leadership void that Germany needed. After a while of rejoicing and providing Germany with economic promises, Hitler started stating his beliefs to the German people. He thought that Jewish people had been the cause of World War I. He also said that Jewish people were the cause of economic, political, and military problems (World 162). He created fear in within Germany, causing persecution of the Jewish population and building a military to enforce his views. Hitler stated this about his future, “I am convinced that nothing will happen to me, for I know the greatness of the task for which Providence has chosen me.” Secretly, Hitler came up with a plan to exterminate everyone who was not the perfect Aryan race. He killed Jewish people, crippled people, mentally disordered people, and homosexuals. People fled Germany, seeking refuge outside Germany to avoid possible death or torture. Hitler’s empire continued to expand throughout Europe during WWII, all while censoring information, condemning beliefs outside Nazism and stifling intellectual growth that was perceived as threatening to the regime.
As one first looks at these two events in history, you can tell that these are very similar. During both of these historical events they both persecuted intellectual minds, or people who were just simply different. During the Inquisition, a man named Galileo spoke out his beliefs about the solar system, stating that the solar system was a helio-centric model (planets revolve around the sun). At the time people had believed that our solar system was a geo-centric model (planets revolve around the Earth). When authorities found out about this outburst, they found Galileo and tortured him until he had confessed, he was immediately put on house arrest. He could not publish any books about his findings or anything about his beliefs. Another example would be Joan of Arc, who was burned at the stake 1431, just for practicing a different religion. During Hitler’s reign on Germany during World War II, artists were persecuted if they showed anything exotic or represented other beliefs. In other words, no creativity was encouraged, similar to the Inquisition. If you did anything to violate this, you would be arrested for treason. Therefore, artists weren’t really allowed to do their jobs, or limited to what all they could create. Secondly, both of these events persecuted for religious reasons. Both events considered heresy a serious crime. During the Inquisition, if you weren’t baptized immediately after you were born you were expelled from the country forever (Spain Encyclopedia Britannica). The church and the state were very closely tied. Everything that happened in the country discussed everything together. Heresy was a crime against both (Inquisition 70). It was considered high treason and anarchy. Therefore, your sentencing could be doubled! These events have persecuted perceived threats.
The Inquisition and Hitler’s reign of Germany were most infamous for exterminating people. During the Inquisition, the High Inquisitor (many came and passed) wanted everyone who didn’t believe in Christ to die, because they thought that they would be a threat to society. People who were found guilty of heresy would be burned at the stake. The public burnings of these people were called the auto-da-fe. There would be dozens of burnings everyday; they would even kill multiple people at a time. The Inquisitor felt that this was the only way to get rid of everyone who didn’t believe. During Hitler’s reign, many people, for various reasons, were killed. The Nazi’s had many ways to ensnare the maximum number of Jewish people as possible (Jews), similar to what the Inquisition’s purpose was. They could be gassed, burned, or shot. Many people died of sickness, from the harsh conditions of the ghettos and concentration camps. These victims could not do anything to save their lives (World 124). People were faced with death, because of starvation. When Hitler realized that the war was crumbling before him, he decided the only way to do this quickly was for them to kill everyone instantly. He called this action, “The Final Solution.” Nazi’s lead people on death marches and killed most of them in the gas chambers. This event was called “the Holocaust,” one of the darkest eras in our world’s history. Once many people started going into ghettos and concentration camps, they started to get overcrowded. They made the gas chambers bigger, the death marches longer, and made the work harsher. The Inquisitor convinced the Catholic Monarchs to expel all people who refused to be baptized. Hitler and the Inquisitor didn’t want the word to get out. They wanted nobody to be left to tell the tale (World 44). These madmen tried to kill the maximum number of people as possible.
Both of these events also involved persecuting Jewish people. At the beginning of the Inquisition, people were jealous of Jewish families, who were typically wealthy. The Inquisitor told everyone that they were demons and that they were going to bring evil to Europe. He also believed that the Jewish people had sent the plague to destroy Christianity (Spanish Inquisition). The Inquisitor told people this, help assist one another to flee Judaism and practice Christianity. He also told the people that Jews were at the hands of the devil and were his servants, and if you love Spain, then you will do all you can to expel them. This basically means, if you want to help, turn in everyone you know who is a Jew. He also believed that Jewish people were the biggest threat in the Catholic Society. The Inquisitor argued that the only solution to this treat was to exile the Jewish population all together. After World War I, Hitler felt that they were the reason Germany lost the war. The killing of the Jewish people was a prominent feature in the Nazi rise to power. Both of these leaders decided to take action against the Jews. First laws were passed to restrict the rights and privileges of Jewish people (Jews). At first, they boycotted shops and banned Jewish people from doing various things, such as going to public places, going to school, and riding their bikes or driving cars. During the Inquisition, Jewish people were forced to wear yellow circles, in agreement with the World War II, they were forced to wear the star of David. After awhile, the treatment of these people started to get a lot more violent. During the Inquisition, the Inquisitor got the Queen and King of Spain to issue the Edict of Expulsion against the Jews, which took the lives of close to 200,000. Many conversos were burned at the stake for practicing Judaism secretly. A philosopher and humanist, Juan Luis Vives and his whole family were killed this way. Jewish people started to disappear. Many friends now turned against them. People would start anti-Jewish riots and attack people. After the Inquisition, Jewish people were faced once again by persecution from Hitler in Nazi Germany. These two events prove that Jewish persecution has lasted for thousands of years.
Both of these historical periods had leaders who were strong and powerful. During both of these eras, the economy was suffering, but these leaders promised the people a stronger, more stable economy. They also both wanted world domination. Hitler wanted the world to be controlled by him, populated by people that were only the perfect Aryan race. The high Inquisitor wanted the world free of non-believers. The Inquisition spread all across Europe, just as World War II. These leaders got the people’s attention by striking fear into their hearts. They both left a bloody ruin on their countries and have the personification of pure cruelty.